The future of vocational education and training in Europe: volume 2: Delivering IVET: institutional diversification and/or expansion?

Although the focus of this report is on IVET, in provides an in-depth look at the IVET landscape, how IVET systems are configured, and shifts in IVET curricula that could be informative to VET and lifelong learning providers more broadly. It also discusses funding, work-based learning, and changes on the skills demand side that are relevant for both IVET and CVET. This report by European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) builds on findings from a European-wide survey of VET providers and draws from national case studies of Czechia, England, Finland, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, and Norway. The case studies are available on Cedefop’s website. The paper identified that institutional hybridization and a blurring of boundaries between IVET and general education as occurred in response to shifts in skills demand.