Briefing note - Evolution of European skills systems: Performance 2015 to 2022

Cedefop’s European skills index (ESI) measures skill systems performance in EU Member States. Its latest (2024) release allows monitoring progress over the period 2015-2022. Member State skills systems have overall adapted to raised expectations and challenges: the aftermath of the financial crisis, climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, accelerating development and diffusion of technologies, population change and the invasion of Ukraine.